Straddling land and sea, mangroves are adapted to survive in harsh conditions. They are coastal superheroes, providing a wide array of goods and services. On July 26, we celebrate these special trees that line our coastlines. You may wonder why they deserve a day to themselves. Here is why.
They are unique
Unlike other trees, mangroves thrive in salty, intertidal regions of tropical and subtropical coastlines. Due to their complex salt filtration and root systems, they can tolerate saltwater conditions and strong wave action. These trees cover nearly three-quarters of the world’s coastline. They may appear as patches of dwarf stunted trees or as lush, dense forests depending on the climate, salinity, topography, and other factors. Some mangroves flourish further inland where freshwater current is met by ocean tides. But all species flourish in low-oxygen, high-saline coastal environments.
It’s not the same tree everywhere
It may surprise you to learn that there are many species of mangroves described around the world. It is estimated that there are over fifty true species. Seychelles has seven species of mangroves. Some like the Red mangrove (Mangliye rouz), are immediately recognizable because of their stilt-like roots and large dark green leaves. Sonneratia alba (Mangliye Fler), whose aerial roots are knobbly, and White mangrove Avicennia marina (Mangliye blan), whose aerial roots are pencil-like, are also easily recognizable.
Several species of fish and crustaceans can be found in mangroves
They bustle with life
From crabs to fish, a wide variety of animals and plants call mangrove forests home. Several species of fish and crustaceans use their underwater root systems as nurseries because they protect them from predators. The roots create channels that connect different habitats and facilitate species movement. Mangroves provide nesting, feeding, and resting sites for some seabirds, waders, and migratory birds. The canopy is home to insects like spiders, ants, and bees. The mangrove ecosystem has a complex food web, with some species directly feeding on mangroves, while others become prey for other species.
They offer valuable nature services
We rely on mangroves to protect our shorelines and communities from storm surges, tsunamis, and erosion, thus increasing our resilience to climate change impacts. Mangroves filter pollutants, trap sediments, and reduce flooding, which benefits both humans and wildlife. By storing carbon, they reduce the effects of climate change. Globally, mangroves provide livelihoods for millions of people through fisheries and tourism, as well as food, medicines, fibre, and wood.
Mangrove restoration and awareness campaigns
Heroes in peril
Sadly, mangroves are facing numerous challenges as a result of climate change and human activity. Coastal development, deforestation, aquaculture, and pollution affect mangrove ecosystems worldwide. Rising sea levels and changes in rainfall patterns are expected to severely disrupt mangrove ecosystems. As mangroves disappear, we lose their benefits and biodiversity.
Several organizations, institutions, and individuals are working to protect and conserve mangroves. Sustainable management practices and community-based conservation projects are making a difference. Seychelles has seen success with mangrove replanting projects and awareness campaigns that highlight the importance of these habitats. We can protect mangroves by taking part in these initiatives, reducing littering, pollution, and our carbon footprint, and spreading the word on their importance.